Advances in Communication

SHINJINI SAHA, INN/Gwalior, @Infodeaofficial

Recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in the number of smart devices, wireless technologies and sensors. In the future, trillions of devices will connect to the Internet. To accommodate such a volume of devices, scalable, flexible, interoperable, energy-efficient, and secure network architecture is required.

The advances in localization-based technologies and the increasing importance of ubiquitous computing and context-dependent information have led to growing business interest in location-based applications and services.

Today, most applications are of location or real-time tracking of physical belongings inside buildings surging the demand for indoor localization services has become an essential prerequisite in some markets. Moreover, indoor localization technologies address the inadequacy of the global positioning system inside a closed environment.

Modern agricultural practices are increasingly dependent on computer-based systems like automation and robotics. Such technology is taking over many tedious tasks performed by humans earlier, resulting in better performance in most of the cases.

To manage the increasing complexity of agricultural systems, increasingly sophisticated methodologies are required. This scenario has given rise to precision agriculture to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises as well as the duality and consistency of products by compensating for the vagueness and uncertainty of the environment.

Conversely, social demand has created pressure for respectful treatment of the environment and the well being of humans. These objectives result in new and challenging problems that be solved by applying advanced information and control technologies to production management of processes and farms.

The wide gap between communication theory and its application in operational communication systems has been substantially narrowed. The technical reason for the increased sophistication in recently designed communication systems is threefold.

First, the integrated circuit revolution in the late 1960s has led to the implementation of advanced techniques and algorithms suggested by information theory which demand storage requirements and logic speed well beyond the capabilities of yesterday’s discrete component technology.

Second, large scale communication networks involving satellite repeaters and sizable ground terminals produce the economic incentive for the advantages gained by the application of information-theoretic techniques.

Finally, as a consequence of the first two developments and partly to provide greater system flexibility especially in data transmission, the trend toward digital communication is rapidly becoming universal leading to a more promising environment for the application of theoretical concepts which lend themselves most naturally to digital implementation.